[{"name":"ibcao-4.0","title":"International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO)","summary":"The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) is a bathymetry map detailing the seafloor depth in the Arctic ocean at a resolution of 200 \u00d7 200 metres.\r\n\r\nBathymetry is significant for a multitude of marine scientific studies. Since 1997, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) has been the authoritative source of bathymetry for the Arctic Ocean. A broad range of Arctic climate and environmental research, including questions on the declining cryosphere, the pathways of ocean currents and, thus, the distribution of heat, sea-ice decline, the effect of inflowing warm waters on tidewater glaciers, the stability of marine-based ice streams and outlet glaciers grounded on the seabed, and the geological history of the Arctic Basin, require knowledge of the depth and shape of the seafloor.\r\n\r\nThe bathymetry map covers the Arctic Ocean. The source data used to compile the map is collected over many decades, spanning from at least the 1950s to the 2020s and is acquired using several measuring methods, e.g. multi- and single-beam echo sounders. The direct measurements are sparse, hence also indirect measurements have been used such as contours and soundings digitised from depth charts.","citations":"Jakobsson M, Mayer LA, Bringensparr C, Castro CF, Mohammad R, Johnson P, Ketter T, Accettella D, Amblas D, An L, Arndt JE, Canals M, Casamor JL, Chauch\u00e9 N, Coakley B, Danielson S, Demarte M, Dickson M-L, Dorschel B, Dowdeswell JA, Dreutter S, Fremand AC, Gallant D, Hall JK, Hehemann L, Hodnesdal H, Hong J, Ivaldi R, Kane E, Klaucke I, Krawczyk DW, Kristoffersen Y, Kuipers BR, Millan R, Masetti G, Morlighem M, Noormets R, Prescott MM, Rebesco M, Rignot E, Semiletov I, Tate AJ, Travaglini P, Velicogna I, Weatherall P, Weinrebe W, Willis JK, Wood M, Zarayskaya Y, Zhang T, Zimmermann M, Zinglersen KB (2020) The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean Version 4.0. Scientific Data 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0520-9","comments":"This data should *not* be used for navigation or for any other purpose involving safety at sea.\r\n\r\nUpdated to the latest release of IBCAO, Version 4.0, published as [Jakobsson et al. (2020)](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0520-9). The dataset is available for download from [GEBCO](https:\/\/www.gebco.net\/about_us\/committees_and_groups\/scrum\/ibcao\/ibcao_v4.html) in various different resolutions and formats. The dataset is a gridded bathymetry map of the Arctic Ocean with data from a large number of sources and methods, including multibeam sonar, single-beam sonar, compilations, interpolations, and digitized chart contours. Many contributors and organizations have provided data for use in the grid, and a table of datasets and contributing sources is available in the Nature article. The purpose of the grid is for scientific interest in the ocean floor topography of the Arctic Ocean, and the grid is not to be used for navigation or any other purpose involving safety at sea. The IBCAO compilation work forms a part of the Nippon-Foundation-GEBCO-Seabed 2030 project, which is funded by the Nippon Foundation of Japan. We are truly grateful for all data contributors who agreed to contribute to IBCAO 4.0. These consist of a broad range of agencies and institutions. Open access funding was provided by Stockholm University.\r\n\r\nThe International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) was initiated 1997 and has since been the authoritative source of bathymetry for the Arctic Ocean. In 2017, IBCAO merged its efforts with the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO-Seabed 2030 Project, with the goal of mapping the global seafloor by 2030. The aim of the IBCAO is to develop a digital grid based on all available bathymetric data north of 64\u00b0 North, for use by mapmakers, researchers, institutions, and others whose work requires a detailed and accurate knowledge of the depth and the shape of the Arctic seabed. Version 4.0 of the data set is available download. The IBCAO grid is used for the Arctic region in the global GEBCO grid. As a part of GEBCO, the work of the IBCAO is endorsed by UNESCO\u2019s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).\r\n\r\n#### Version history\r\n\r\n##### Version 4.0\r\nSignificant increases of seafloor data in the North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Fram Strait, Iceland Sea, Greenland Sea, the central Arctic Ocean, Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, and coastal Greenland waters. Resolution increased from 500 meters to 200 meters.\r\n\r\n##### Version 3.0\r\nLarge increase of seafloor data particularly in the Fram Strait, South Greenland, and Beaufort Sea. Resolution increased from 2000 meters to 500 meters.","category":"Marine","subcategory":"Bathymetry","keywords":"Arctic Ocean; Bathymetry; Mapping; Seafloor; IBCAO","scientist":"Martin Jakobsson, Larry A. Mayer, Caroline Bringensparr, Carlos F. Castro, Rezwan Mohammad, Paul Johnson, Tomer Ketter, Daniela Accettella, David Amblas, Lu An, Jan Erik Arndt, Miquel Canals, Jos\u00e9 Luis Casamor, Nolwenn Chauch\u00e9, Bernard Coakley, Seth Danielson, Maurizio Demarte, Mary-Lynn Dickson, Boris Dorschel, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Simon Dreutter, Alice C. Fremand, Dana Gallant, John K. Hall, Laura Hehemann, Hanne Hodnesdal, Jongkuk Hong, Roberta Ivaldi, Emily Kane, Ingo Klaucke, Diana W. Krawczyk, Yngve Kristoffersen, Boele R. Kuipers, Romain Millan, Giuseppe Masetti, Mathieu Morlighem, Riko Noormets, Megan M. Prescott, Michele Rebesco, Eric Rignot, Igor Semiletov, Alex J. Tate, Paola Travaglini, Isabella Velicogna, Pauline Weatherall, Wilhelm Weinrebe, Joshua K. Willis, Michael Wood, Yulia Zarayskaya, Tao Zhang, Mark Zimmermann, Karl B. Zinglersen","firstname":"Martin","lastname":"Jakobsson","address":"Department of Geological Sciences; Stockholm University","postalcode":"SE-106 91","city":"Stockholm","province":"","country":"Sweden","parameters":"Earth science > Oceans > Bathymetry\/seafloor topography > Bathymetry","location":"Geographic Region > Arctic","progress":"","language":"English","project":"","publisher":"GEBCO - The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans","version":"4.0","constrains":"","access":""}]