[{"name":"oden-artofmelt-2023-water-vapor-isotopes-1","title":"Water vapor isotopic (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O, \u03b4\u00b2H) observations from expedition ARTofMELT, Arctic Ocean, 2023","summary":"This dataset contains 5-minute resolution processed water vapor isotopic (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O, \u03b4D, deuterium excess) measurements made during the expedition ARTofMELT 2023 with Swedish icebreaker Oden in the Fram Strait pack ice during the spring transition, 12 May to 14 June, 2023.\r\n\r\nThe water vapor measurements were collected from the foredeck mast (at ~20 m above sea level).\r\n\r\nThese water isotopic observations trace ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions across a range of sea ice conditions, including the identification and quantification of evaporative fluxes and atmospheric moisture transport.","citations":"Akers PD, Kopec BG, Mattingly KS, Klein ES, Causey D, Welker JM (2020) Baffin Bay sea ice extent and synoptic moisture transport drive water vapor isotope (\u03b418O, \u03b42H, and deuterium excess) variability in coastal northwest Greenland. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20:13929\u201313955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-13929-2020\r\n\r\nKopec B, Werner M, Mattingly K, Klein E, Akers P, Bailey H, Bonne J-L, Brunello C, Mustonen K-R, Welker J (2022) Arctic Water Isotope Network observations, vapor transport, and storm track site connections for September-November 2019. Arctic Data Center. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18739\/A2JS9H884\r\n\r\nKopec B, Klein E, Akers P, Hy\u00f6ky V, Mustonen K-R, Welker J (2023) Arctic Water Isotope Network (AWIN) long-term water vapor observations, 2017-2022. Arctic Data Center. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18739\/A2XW47X8W\r\n\r\nKopec BG, Hy\u00f6ky V, Klein E, Welker J (2025) Seawater isotopic (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O, \u03b4\u00b2H) observations from expedition ARTofMELT, Arctic Ocean, 2023. Dataset version 1. Bolin Centre Database. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17043\/oden-artofmelt-2023-seawater-isotopes-1\r\n\r\nSteen-Larsen HC, Johnsen SJ, Masson-Delmotte V, Stenni B, Risi C, Sodemann H, Balslev-Clausen D, Blunier T, Dahl-Jensen D, Elleh\u00f8j MD, Falourd S, Grindsted A, Gkinis V, Jouzel J, Popp T, Sheldon S, Simonsen SB, Sjolte J, Steffensen JP, Sperlich P, Sveinbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir AE, Vinther BM, White JWC (2013) Continuous monitoring of summer surface water vapor isotopic composition above the Greenland Ice Sheet. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13:4815\u20134828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-13-4815-2013","comments":"##### Measurement system\r\nIcebreaker Oden was equipped with a Picarro L2140-i water vapor isotope analyzer, which sampled water vapor continuously from ~20 m above the sea surface from the bow of the ship. This instrument continuously measures the water vapor concentration (ppmv) and oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O and \u03b4D, respectively) at ~1 hz resolution. Deuterium excess (d-excess; d) values were computed in the form of d=\u03b4D-8\u00b7\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O. After calibration (described below), all data is aggregated to 5-minute averages.\r\n\r\n##### Quality control\r\nQuality control analysis is conducted for each instrument to exclude periods of obvious instrument issues, particularly if liquid water entered the collection lines. Beyond the standard instrument error checks (e.g., cavity temperature) documented in prior studies using similar instruments ([Akers et al. 2020](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-13929-2020), [Kopec et al. 2022](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18739\/A2JS9H884)), for shorter-term periods of missing data, the most common issue was clear evidence of liquid water that was present in the inlet lines, where obvious evaporation signals were observed in the data \u2014 marked by rapid increases in H\u2082O concentration, \u03b4\u00b9\u2078O, and \u03b4D, and decrease in d-excess. These periods were excluded from the dataset. The resulting set of raw data from each site is then processed based on the protocols described below.\r\n\r\n##### Calibration\r\nTo ensure quality comparable measurements to other AWIN sites ([Kopec et al. 2023](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18739\/A2JS9H884)), we take the following steps in processing and calibrating the data:\r\n1. Standard waters calibration. Regular measurement (typically every ~24 hours) of known standard waters was conducted to correct any instrument offset. The heavy isotopic standard used was USGS 45 (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O=-2.238\u2030, \u03b4D=-10.3\u2030) and the light isotopic standard used was USGS 49 (\u03b4\u00b9\u2078O=-50.55\u2030, \u03b4D=-394.7\u2030).\r\n2. Drift assessment and correction. Using standard waters, we assess any drift over time, and correct as necessary.\r\n3. Humidity response correction. It is well known that these water vapor isotope analyzers can have a humidity bias where isotopic measurements made at low water vapor concentrations may yield different isotopic values than if measured at high vapor concentrations ([Steen-Larsen et al. 2013](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-13-4815-2013)). Following the protocol described by [Akers et al. (2020)](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-13929-2020), standard waters were measured under a range water vapor concentrations (regulated by dry air gas) to develop a correction curve to be applied to the ambient air data.\r\n\r\nThe ambient air raw data is processed with the above corrections applied to the dataset. With the calibrations completed, all data is on the VSMOW-SLAP scale. Deuterium excess values were computed from the calibrated data and all isotopic measurements were compiled into 5-minute averages and linked with the average location (latitude, longitude) during the measurement window.\r\n\r\n##### Associated datasets\r\nThis dataset is directly complementary to the continuous seawater isotopic observations during ARTofMELT produced by [Kopec et al. (2025)](https:\/\/bolin.su.se\/data\/oden-artofmelt-2023-seawater-isotopes-1).\r\n\r\nThe dataset is also complementary to other water vapor isotopic observations in the Arctic Water Isotope Network (AWIN; [Kopec et al. 2023](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18739\/A2XW47X8W)).\r\n\r\n##### The expedition\r\nData were collected during the ARTofMELT 2023 expedition on board the Swedish icebreaker Oden, which was organized by the [Swedish Polar Research Secretariat](https:\/\/www.polar.se\/en\/expeditions\/previous-expeditions\/arctic\/artofmelt-2023\/) from 8 May through 14 June, 2023.","category":"Atmosphere","subcategory":"Observations","keywords":"Water isotopes; Water vapor; Water vapour; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; ARTofMELT; ARTofMELT 2023 expedition; Icebreaker Oden","scientist":"Ben Kopec, Valtteri Hy\u00f6ky, Eric Klein, Jeffrey Welker","firstname":"Ben","lastname":"Kopec","address":"Great Lakes Research Center; Michigan Technological University\r\n","postalcode":"49931","city":"Houghton","province":"Michigan","country":"USA","parameters":"Earth science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric water vapor","location":"Ocean > Arctic Ocean","progress":"","language":"English","project":"ARTofMELT 2023 expedition. The water isotopic measurements were supported by funding from the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Additional funding from J M Welker's UArctic Research Chairship with the University of Oulu and Alaska supported the research in part, as well as funding from an NSF Arctic Observing Network RAPID award (2133156).","publisher":"Bolin Centre Database","version":"1","constrains":"","access":""}]