[{"name":"stockholm-historical-temperature-1","title":"Stockholm Historical Weather Observations \u2014 Air temperature","summary":"Data for air temperatures at the old astronomical observatory in Stockholm since 1756 are provided. The data are available both with, and without, adjustments for the urban heat island effect, knowledge about incorrectly calibrated old thermometers, and supposed exposure of old thermometers to radiation. Account is taken for changed routines regarding daily observation time points.\r\n\r\nThe measured temperatures are on average about 2.3 \u00b0C to 2.5 \u00b0C warmer after the year 2000 compared to the average before 1900. About 0.8 \u00b0C of this warming comes from the local effect of the growing city, while most of the warming is due to the regional climate change over southeastern Sweden.\r\n\r\nData are divided into three separate datasets: (i) individual thermometer observations, (ii) daily mean temperatures, (iii) monthly mean temperatures, also including seasonal and annual means.","citations":"Moberg A, Bergstr\u00f6m H, Ruiz Krigsman J, Svanered O. 2002: Daily air temperature and pressure series for Stockholm (1756\u20131998). Climatic Change 53: 171\u2013212. DOI:10.1023\/A:1014966724670\r\n\r\nMoberg A, Alexandersson H, Bergstr\u00f6m H, Jones PD. 2003: Were Southern Swedish summer temperatures before 1860 as warm as measured? Int. J. Climatol. 23: 1495\u20131521. DOI:10.1002\/joc.945\r\n\r\nMoberg A, Tuomenvirta H, Nordli \u00d8. 2005: Recent climatic trends. In: Physical Geography of Fennoscandia. (Ed: Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 M). Oxford Regional Environments Series, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 113\u2013133","comments":"","category":"Atmosphere","subcategory":"Weather observations","keywords":"Air temperature; Daily data; Monthly data; Early instrumental data; Homogenized data; Sweden; Stockholm","scientist":"Anders Moberg","firstname":"Anders","lastname":"Moberg","address":"Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University","postalcode":"SE-106 91","city":"Stockholm","province":"","country":"Sweden","parameters":"Earth science > Atmosphere","location":"Continent > Europe > Northern Europe > Scandinavia > Sweden","progress":"Completed","language":"English","project":"Digitization, quality control and development of daily and monthly air temperature and pressure data series until 1998 was undertaken as part of the project IMPROVE \u2014 Improved Understanding of Past Climatic Variability from Early Daily European Instrumental Sources. Project funding: EU 4th Framework Programme, 1998\u20131999. Contract: ENV4-CT97-0511. Co-ordinator: Dario Camuffo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Padova, Italy. PI at Stockholm University: Anders Moberg. Continued analysis was made by Anders Moberg as part of a project funded by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under grant no. DE-FG02-98ER62601. PI: Philip Jones, Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, UK.","publisher":"Bolin Centre Database","version":"1","constrains":"None","access":"Free"}]