Atmospheric mineral deposition and peat accumulation rates during the last 8300 years in south-central Sweden

Jenny Sjöström

This dataset includes elemental concentration, mineralogy, and peat accumulation rates of a peat sequence from Draftinge Mosse bog, located in a peatland rich area in south-central Sweden.

The chronology was established by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating showing that the sequence covers the last 8300 years.

The dataset was developed with the purpose to reconstruct periods of elevated mineral deposition, to explore the mineralogy of deposited minerals, and to compare results with a paleodust record from the same region.

Citation

Jenny Sjöström (2020) Atmospheric mineral deposition and peat accumulation rates during the last 8300 years in south-central Sweden. Dataset version 1. Bolin Centre Database. https://doi.org/10.17043/sjostrom-2020-sweden-1

References

Sjöström JK, Martínez Cortizas A. Hansson SV, Silva Sánchez N, Bindler R, Rydberg J, Mörth C-M, Ryberg EES, Kylander ME (2020). Paleodust deposition and peat accumulation rates — bog size matters. Chemical Geology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119795

Sjöström J (2018). Reconstruction of Holocene atmospheric mineral dust deposition from raised peat bogs in south–central Sweden (Licentiate dissertation). Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-153723

Data description

The dataset contains downcore geochemistry data of a peat sequence from Draftinge Mosse, south-central Sweden (57° 06' 27.6" N, 13° 42' 54.1" E). The sequence (total length: 390 cm) was analysed by a wide set of analytical approaches, to obtain data on bulk density, peat accumulation rates, elemental concentrations, and mineralogy throughout the sequence.

The results are provided in two spreadsheet files; one file having nine data sheets (sjostrom-2020.xlsx), based on the type of analysis, and one file, containing the results of XRD mineral analysis, having two sheets (sjostrom-2020-xrd.xlsx).

The same data are also included in eleven separate comma-separated values (csv) files. Character set: Western Europe (ISO-8859-15/EURO).

The mean age (from the age model data) is used as the most likely age of a sample in the other components of the dataset. In all these other components, the first two data columns contain information about sample (depth and age), followed by the measured value, or ratio, in the remaining data columns.

Missing data are indicated with NA in the data files.

Abbreviations used are explained in the Comments.

Dataset content:

Age model (n=392)

• Depth (location of the sample in the peat sequence) (cm)
• Min (earliest age of sample, 2 sigma sd) (cal yr BP)
• Max (oldest age of sample, 2 sigma sd) (cal yr BP)
• Median (median age of all possible modelled ages) (cal yr BP)
• Mean (mean age of all possible modelled ages) (cal yr BP)
• Accumulation rate, mean (accumulation rate in years per cm, i.e. how long it took for 1 cm to accumulate) (yr/cm)
• Accumulation rate, sd (standard deviation (1 sigma) of the accumulation rate)

Peat properties (n=381)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• Accumulation rate (yr/cm)
• Bulk density (g/cm³)
• Peat accumulation rate (g/m²/yr)
• Ash content (%)
• Ash accumulation rate (g/m²/yr)
• δ¹³C total vs. PDB (‰)
• C (%)
• N (%)
• C/N (atomic mass of the elements used for ratio calculations)

WD-XRF concentration (n=89)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Fe (%)
• P, Ti, Sr (ppm)

Note: Concentration values for Al were below the detection limit (0.001 %) in some samples (n=34) and was set to half the detection limit (i.e. to 0.0005).

ICP-OES concentration (n=108)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• La, Nd, Eu, Dy, Ho, Yb, Y, Sc, Ga, Ti, Mn, Sr (ppm)
• Al, Fe, Ca, K, P, Na (ppt)

WD-XRF MAR (n=89)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Ca, K, Na (μg/m²/yr)

ICP-OES MAR (n=108)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• La, Eu, Nd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Y, Sc, Ti, Ga, Al (corr), Fe, Ca, K, Mn, P, Sr (μg/m²/yr)

XRF ratios (n=89)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• Si/Ti, K/Al

ICP ratios (n=108)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• K/Al, La/Y, Ga/Al, Sc/Ti

Combined dataset (n=71)

• Depth (cm)
• Age (cal yr BP)
• AAR (Ash Accumulation Rate) (g/m²/yr)
• Al, Si, Ti, Fe, Ca, K, Na, Sr, Dy, Eu, Ga, Ho, La, Nd, Rb, Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, Mn, P (μg/m²/yr)

The combined dataset contains a composite of elemental MARs of the WD-XRF and ICP-OES data. In the composite, samples from within 2 cm distance (c. 40 years) are regarded as being from the same depth to increase sample resolution (n=71). The first two columns represent the lowermost depth (cm) and age (cal BP) of the composite sample. All MAR values are given in micrograms per square meter per year (μg/m²/yr).

XRD data (n=24)

The file with XRD data contains two sheets:

• measurement details; describing the details of the analysis settings
• diffractograms; with the XRD diffractogram data, organised per sample.

First row in the diffractogram data: sample id (age Cal BP). For each sample the data is presented in two columns:

• Angle: the location (angle) in the measured sample
• Intensity: diffraction, indicated as counts/s

Comments

Abbreviations

AAR

Ash accumulation rate.

cal yr BP

Calibrated years before present (1950).

ICP

Inductively coupled plasma. Analytical approach to retrieve major and trace elemental concentration data.

MAR

Mass accumulation rates of elements, as calculated from the measured elemental concentration in each sample times the peat accumulation rate (see article by Sjöström et al. (2020) for further details).

n

Number of samples.

NA

Not available. Used where data is missing.

OES

Optical emission spectroscopy. Add-on equipment for the ICP.

WD

Wavelength dispersal.

XRF

X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis. Analytical approach to retrieve major, and selected minor, elemental concentration data.

XRD

X-ray diffraction mineral analysis. Analytical approach to that identifies minerals based on the crystal cell structure.