Macrophyte Biogenic Volatile Organic compound emission rates from the Baltic Sea and NE Atlantic, 2025

Max Gräfnings, Yuanyuan Luo, Jian Zhao, Claudia L. Cara-Ortega, Kirsten N. Fossum, Frans Graeffe, Lu Lei, Dagmar B. Stengel, Roseline C. Thakur, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Mikael Ehn, Camilla Gustafsson

The dataset provides emission rates (ng g−1 h−1; e.g., standardized to macrophyte biomass) for all detected BVOCs (Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound) measured from three marine macrophytes (Zostera marina, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva intestinalis). The exact same macrophyte-species were studied during two linked COAST-VOC campaigns in Ireland (May 2025) and Finland (August 2025).

The BVOC emissions were captured ex situ during incubation experiments and measured in real-time with a Vocus PTR-TOF-MS.

BVOCs have a substantial effect on atmospheric chemistry and the climate. However, BVOC emissions from marine macrophytes are poorly quantified and this dataset provides some of the most complete data on the subject to date.

MarineCoastClimCOAST-VOCMarineClimateAtmosphereVolatile organic compoundsEmission rateSeagrassMacroalgae

Name

Version

Citation

References

Gräfnings M, Luo Y, Zhao J, Cara-Ortega CL, Fossum KN, Graeffe F, Lei L, Stengel DB, Thakur RC, Ovadnevaite J, Ehn M, Gustafsson C (2026) Temperate marine macrophytes are highly variable sources of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds – a comparative study from the Baltic Sea and NE Atlantic. Biogeosciences. (In review)

Data description

This dataset is used in the publication by Gräfnings et al.(2026).

The data are provided in two csv files. A readme txt file with specific explanations for the data is also included.

Data files

comp-emissionrates.csv BVOC emissions rates (ng g−1 h−1) for all detected compounds
comp-protonatedmass.csv Protonated mass (m/z) for all detected compounds

File content:

comp-emissionrates.csv

Number of variables: 175
Number of cases/rows: 28
Missing data codes: NA
Delimiter: Semicolon
Encoding: UTF-8

Variables

• country Country of measurement, either Ireland or Finland
• species Macrophyte species measured:
  • Ulva Ulva intestinalis
  • Zostera Zostera marina
  • Fucus Fucus vesiculosus
• date Date of measurement, YYYY-MM-DD
• total_dw Total dry weight (grams) of measured macrophyte
• replicate Replicate number
• CHBr2+ Measured emission rate of CHBr2+
• C10H15+ Measured emission rate of C10H15+
• C10H17+ Measured emission rate of C10H17+
• C10H17O+ Measured emission rate of C10H17O+
• C10H19+ Measured emission rate of C10H19+
• C10H19O+ Measured emission rate of C10H19O+
• C10H21O+ Measured emission rate of C10H21O+
• C10H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C10H21O2+
• C10H23O2+ Measured emission rate of C10H23O2+
• C11H17+ Measured emission rate of C11H17+
• C11H17O+ Measured emission rate of C11H17O+
• C11H19+ Measured emission rate of C11H19+
• C11H19O+ Measured emission rate of C11H19O+
• C11H21+ Measured emission rate of C11H21+
• C11H21O+ Measured emission rate of C11H21O+
• C11H23O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H23O2+
• C12H15O5+ Measured emission rate of C12H15O5+
• C12H19O+ Measured emission rate of C12H19O+
• C12H21+ Measured emission rate of C12H21+
• C12H21O+ Measured emission rate of C12H21O+
• C12H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C12H21O2+
• C12H23O+ Measured emission rate of C12H23O+
• C12H23O2+ Measured emission rate of C12H23O2+
• C12H23O3+ Measured emission rate of C12H23O3+
• C12H25O+ Measured emission rate of C12H25O+
• C12H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C12H25O2+
• C12H25O3+ Measured emission rate of C12H25O3+
• C13H19O+ Measured emission rate of C13H19O+
• C13H21+ Measured emission rate of C13H21+
• C13H21O+ Measured emission rate of C13H21O+
• C13H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C13H21O2+
• C13H23+ Measured emission rate of C13H23+
• C13H23O+ Measured emission rate of C13H23O+
• C13H23O2+ Measured emission rate of C13H23O2+
• C13H23O3+ Measured emission rate of C13H23O3+
• C13H25O+ Measured emission rate of C13H25O+
• C13H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C13H25O2+
• C14H23O2+ Measured emission rate of C14H23O2+
• C14H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C14H25O2+
• C14H27O2+ Measured emission rate of C14H27O2+
• C15H25+ Measured emission rate of C15H25+
• C15H25O+ Measured emission rate of C15H25O+
• C15H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C15H25O2+
• C15H27O+ Measured emission rate of C15H27O+
• C2H5S+ Measured emission rate of C2H5S+
• C2H6S+ Measured emission rate of C2H6S+
• C2H7S+ Measured emission rate of C2H7S+
• C3H7+ Measured emission rate of C3H7+
• C4H3+ Measured emission rate of C4H3+
• C5H12NO+ Measured emission rate of C5H12NO+
• C5H7+ Measured emission rate of C5H7+
• C5H9+ Measured emission rate of C5H9+
• C6H11+ Measured emission rate of C6H11+
• C6H13+ Measured emission rate of C6H13+
• C6H9+ Measured emission rate of C6H9+
• C7H10N+ Measured emission rate of C7H10N+
• C7H11+ Measured emission rate of C7H11+
• C7H12NO+ Measured emission rate of C7H12NO+
• C7H13+ Measured emission rate of C7H13+
• C8H13+ Measured emission rate of C8H13+
• C8H15+ Measured emission rate of C8H15+
• C8H15O+ Measured emission rate of C8H15O+
• C8H17+ Measured emission rate of C8H17+
• C8H17O+ Measured emission rate of C8H17O+
• C8H19O2+ Measured emission rate of C8H19O2+
• C9H13+ Measured emission rate of C9H13+
• C9H13O2+ Measured emission rate of C9H13O2+
• C9H15+ Measured emission rate of C9H15+
• C9H15O+ Measured emission rate of C9H15O+
• C9H17+ Measured emission rate of C9H17+
• C9H19O+ Measured emission rate of C9H19O+
• C9H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C9H21O2+
• X128.896 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X128.896
• X218.829 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X218.829
• X237.882 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X237.882
• X75.944 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X75.944
• C2H7S2+ Measured emission rate of C2H7S2+
• CH3S+ Measured emission rate of CH3S+
• CH3S2+ Measured emission rate of CH3S2+
• CH5S+ Measured emission rate of CH5S+
• CHS+ Measured emission rate of CHS+
• X50.001 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X50.001
• X51.006 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X51.006
• X63.943 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X63.943
• X93.987 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X93.987
• C10H21+ Measured emission rate of C10H21+
• C11H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H21O2+
• C11H23O+ Measured emission rate of C11H23O+
• C11H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H25O2+
• C14H23O+ Measured emission rate of C14H23O+
• C15H25O3+ Measured emission rate of C15H25O3+
• C15H27+ Measured emission rate of C15H27+
• C15H27O2+ Measured emission rate of C15H27O2+
• C16H27O+ Measured emission rate of C16H27O+
• C16H31O4+ Measured emission rate of C16H31O4+
• C3H7O+ Measured emission rate of C3H7O+
• C3HO+ Measured emission rate of C3HO+
• C4H5O3+ Measured emission rate of C4H5O3+
• C5H11+ Measured emission rate of C5H11+
• C5H7O+ Measured emission rate of C5H7O+
• C5H9O+ Measured emission rate of C5H9O+
• C6H11O+ Measured emission rate of C6H11O+
• C6H13O+ Measured emission rate of C6H13O+
• C6H15S+ Measured emission rate of C6H15S+
• C6H9O+ Measured emission rate of C6H9O+
• C7H15+ Measured emission rate of C7H15+
• C7H15O+ Measured emission rate of C7H15O+
• C7H17O2+ Measured emission rate of C7H17O2+
• C7H9+ Measured emission rate of C7H9+
• C8H11+ Measured emission rate of C8H11+
• C8H11O+ Measured emission rate of C8H11O+
• C8H13O+ Measured emission rate of C8H13O+
• C9H17O+ Measured emission rate of C9H17O+
• C9H19O2+ Measured emission rate of C9H19O2+
• CH3I+ Measured emission rate of CH3I+
• C10H15O+ Measured emission rate of C10H15O+
• C11H17O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H17O2+
• C11H19O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H19O2+
• C13H27+ Measured emission rate of C13H27+
• C15H23+ Measured emission rate of C15H23+
• C4H5+ Measured emission rate of C4H5+
• C7H9O+ Measured emission rate of C7H9O+
• C8H11O2+ Measured emission rate of C8H11O2+
• C8H17O2+ Measured emission rate of C8H17O2+
• X65.038 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X65.038
• C10H13+ Measured emission rate of C10H13+
• C11H15O+ Measured emission rate of C11H15O+
• C12H25+ Measured emission rate of C12H25+
• C12H27O2+ Measured emission rate of C12H27O2+
• C14H21+ Measured emission rate of C14H21+
• C14H23+ Measured emission rate of C14H23+
• C14H25O+ Measured emission rate of C14H25O+
• C2H7O2+ Measured emission rate of C2H7O2+
• C3H5+ Measured emission rate of C3H5+
• C3H9O2+ Measured emission rate of C3H9O2+
• C4H9+ Measured emission rate of C4H9+
• CS2+ Measured emission rate of CS2+
• X127.147 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X127.147
• C10H25O2+ Measured emission rate of C10H25O2+
• C11H23+ Measured emission rate of C11H23+
• C11H25+ Measured emission rate of C11H25+
• C12H23+ Measured emission rate of C12H23+
• C13H17+ Measured emission rate of C13H17+
• C13H27O+ Measured emission rate of C13H27O+
• C13H29O2+ Measured emission rate of C13H29O2+
• C2H5O+ Measured emission rate of C2H5O+
• C3H9O4+ Measured emission rate of C3H9O4+
• C4H7O+ Measured emission rate of C4H7O+
• C4H8N+ Measured emission rate of C4H8N+
• C5H13O2+ Measured emission rate of C5H13O2+
• C5H9O2+ Measured emission rate of C5H9O2+
• C6H15O2+ Measured emission rate of C6H15O2+
• C7H11O+ Measured emission rate of C7H11O+
• C7H13O+ Measured emission rate of C7H13O+
• C7H13O2+ Measured emission rate of C7H13O2+
• C8H15O2+ Measured emission rate of C8H15O2+
• C9H11NO2+ Measured emission rate of C9H11NO2+
• C9H19+ Measured emission rate of C9H19+
• X192.838 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X192.838
• C11H15O2+ Measured emission rate of C11H15O2+
• C11H16N+ Measured emission rate of C11H16N+
• C12H17+ Measured emission rate of C12H17+
• C12H17O2+ Measured emission rate of C12H17O2+
• C12H21O3+ Measured emission rate of C12H21O3+
• C14H21O2+ Measured emission rate of C14H21O2+
• C14H23O3+ Measured emission rate of C14H23O3+
• C14H27O4+ Measured emission rate of C14H27O4+
• C7H7O2+ Measured emission rate of C7H7O2+
• C8H17OS+ Measured emission rate of C8H17OS+
• X136.961 Measured emission rate of unidentified compound X136.961

comp-protonatedmass.csv

Number of variables: 2
Number of cases/rows: 170
Missing data codes: NA
Delimiter: Semicolon
Encoding: UTF-8

Variables

• compound Compound name, all the same compounds as in comp-emissionrates.csv
• protonated_mass Protonated mass (m/z) of each measured compound

Comments

CoastClim

This is a contribution from the Centre for Coastal Ecosystem and Climate Change Research. CoastClim is a multidisciplinary strategic partnership between Stockholm University and the University of Helsinki, that evaluates the links between coastal biodiversity, carbon cycling, and climate feedbacks.

Project

Project: COAST-VOC. This research was funded by the BNP Paribas Foundation (Biodiversity & Climate Initiative, 2023-2025). This study used research infrastructure facilities at Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, as part of FINMARI (Finnish Marine Research Infrastructure Consortium).

Publisher

Bolin Centre Database

License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

First name

Max

Last name or organisation

Gräfnings

Email address

max.grafnings@helsinki.fi

Address

Tvärminne Zoological Station; University of Helsinki

Postal code

10900

City

Hanko

Province or state

Uusimaa

Country

Finland

GCMD science keyword

Earth science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric chemistry > Carbon and hydrocarbon compounds > Non-methane hydrocarbons/volatile organic compounds

GCMD location

Continent > Europe

Dataset language

English

Begin date

2025-05-01

End date

2025-08-30

DOI

Time