Spatial macrofauna data on biomass-bound carbon stocks and diversity from the Baltic Sea, southwestern Finland, 2023

Janina Pykäri, Roel Lammerant, Nishant Nishant, Camilla Gustafsson, Alf Norkko, Anna Villnäs

The dataset includes macrofauna carbon stock and diversity data from southwestern Finland, the Baltic Sea, in August – ⁠September 2023.

The data were collected to assess the role of abiotic and biotic factors in determining carbon stocks in macrofauna biomass and their turnover.

The data were collected in a field survey of 20 soft-sediment sites, where two depths (~1.5 m and ~3.5 m) were sampled by SCUBA diving.

MarineEcosystemsCoastClimSpatial campaign 2023Benthic ecologyMacrofaunaCarbon

Name

Version

Citation

References

Pykäri J, Lammerant R, Nishant N, Gustafsson C, Norkko A, Villnäs A. Environmental filtering shapes biodiversity, macrofauna carbon stock, and turnover along an estuarine gradient. [manuscript]

Data description

This dataset is used in the publication Pykäri et al.

The data are provided in 13 csv files. In addition, there are 7 R code files to run the analyses.

Data files

• coordinates.csv has coordinates of the sampling sites
• pca-data.csv has environmental data
• env-regressions-alldata.csv has data to run regression analysis between environmental factors and macrofauna carbon stock and metabolic rates
• env-regressions-shallow.csv has a subset of env-regressions-alldata.csv with shallower sampling depth only
• env-regressions-deep.csv has a subset of env-regressions-alldata.csv with deeper sampling depth only
• txrich-dom-regressions-data.csv has data to run regression analysis between diversity, dominance, environmental factors, and macrofauna carbon stock
• turnover-regressions-data.csv has data to run regression analysis between turnover, environmental factors, and macrofauna carbon stock
• vege-c-relationship.csv has vegetation and macrofauna carbon stock data
• community-c.csv has macrofauna community carbon stock data
• community-abundance.csv has macrofauna community abundance data
• community-grouping.csv has grouping factors for dissimilarity analyses
• taxa-class.csv has macrofauna community carbon stock per class
• macoma.csv has Macoma balthica length distribution data

Code

• pca-spatial.R runs a principal component analysis (PCA) on environmental variables
• env-regressions-spatial.R runs regression analyses between environmental factors and macrofauna carbon stock and metabolic rates
• txrich-dom-regressions-spatial.R runs regression analysis between diversity, dominance, environmental factors, and macrofauna carbon stock
• turnover-regressions-spatial.R runs regression analysis between turnover, environmental factors, and macrofauna carbon stock
• nmds-code.R runs non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) on macrofauna carbon stock
• dissimilarity-code.R makes a dissimilarity heatmap on macrofauna carbon stock and abundance
• permanova-code.R runs permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) on macrofauna carbon stock

File content

coordinates.csv
Number of columns: 5
Number of rows: 21
Missing data codes: NA
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• id site id
• N_shallow latitude of the shallower sampling depth (decimal degrees)
• E_shallow longitude of the shallower sampling depth (decimal degrees)
• N_deep latitude of the deeper sampling depth (decimal degrees)
• E_deep longitude of the deeper sampling depth (decimal degrees)

pca-data.csv
Number of columns: 10
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• category exposure category
  • EXP exposed
  • SEMI semi-sheltered
  • SHEL sheltered
  • POJO Pojo and Dragsvik bays
• depth depth category
• site site id
• sand fraction of grainsize > 63 μm
• D50 median grain size (μm)
• clay fraction of grainsize < 63 μm
• OM sediment organic matter (%)
• log_vegetation log-transformed vegetation dry weight (g)
• fetch fetch (m)
• salinity salinity of surface water

env-regressions-alldata.csv
Number of columns: 7
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• depth depth category
• site site id
• macrofauna_C macrofauna carbon stock (g C m⁻²)
• PC1 principal component 1 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing environmental factors
• PC2 principal component 2 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing vegetation
• respiration macrofauna respiration rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)
• production macrofauna production rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)

env-regressions-shallow.csv
Number of columns: 6
Number of rows: 21
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site id
• macrofauna_C macrofauna carbon stock (g C m⁻²)
• PC1 principal component 1 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing environmental factors
• PC2 principal component 2 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing vegetation
• respiration macrofauna respiration rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)
• production macrofauna production rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)

env-regressions-deep.csv
Number of columns: 6
Number of rows: 20
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site id
• macrofauna_C macrofauna carbon stock (g C m⁻²)
• PC1 principal component 1 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing environmental factors
• PC2 principal component 2 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing vegetation
• respiration macrofauna respiration rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)
• production macrofauna production rate (g C m⁻² d⁻¹)

txrich-dom-regressions-data.csv
Number of columns: 5
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• id site and depth id
• PC1 principal component 1 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing environmental factors
• Cstock is the total macrofauna C stock (g C m⁻²)
• Simpson Simpson's dominance index
• txrich number of taxa in three replicate cores

turnover-regressions-data.csv
Number of columns: 5
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• id is the site and depth id
• PC1 is principal component 1 score (from analyses made with pca-data.csv and pca-spatial.R) describing environmental factors
• PB_ratio is the production-to-biomass ratio (d⁻¹)
• Cstock is the total macrofauna C stock (g C m⁻²)
• longevity is the average longevity (years) of the macrofauna community

vege-c-relationship.csv
Number of columns: 4
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site id
• depth depth id
  • S shallow
  • D deep
• vege_biomass total dry weight of macrovegetation (g)
• macrofauna_Cstock total macrofauna carbon stock (g C m⁻²)

community-c.csv
Number of columns: 45
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site and depth id
• category exposure category
• depth depth id
  • S shallow
  • D deep
• category_depth exposure category and depth id
• Columns from the 5th column onwards have carbon stock (g C m⁻²) values for the different taxa.

community-abundance.csv
Number of columns: 42
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site and depth id
• Columns from the 2nd column onwards have abundance (individuals m⁻²) values for the different taxa.

community-grouping.csv
Number of columns: 2
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• site site and depth id
• category exposure category

taxa-class.csv
Number of columns: 7
Number of rows: 40
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• depth depth id
  • S shallow
  • D deep
• site site id
• Bivalvia has the site average of combined carbon stock (g C m⁻²) of the following taxa: Cerastoderma glaucum, Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, Mytilopsis leucophaeta, Mytilus trossulus, Parvicardium hauniense, and Pisidium sp.
• Polychaeta has the site average of combined carbon stock (g C m⁻²) of the following taxa: Boccardiella ligerica, Hediste diversicolor, Laonome xeprovala, Manayunkia aesturiana, Marenzelleria spp., and Pygospio elegans
• Gastropoda has the site average of combined carbon stock (g C m⁻²) of the following taxa: Bithynia tentaculata, Hydrobiidae, Limapontia capitata, Lymneidae, Planorbidae sp., Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Theodoxus fluviatilis, and Valvata sp.
• Insecta has the site average of combined carbon stock (g C m⁻²) of the following taxa: Anisoptera, Baetidae, Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and Trichoptera
• Others has the site average of combined carbon stock (g C m⁻²) of the following taxa: Asellus aquaticus, Bathyporeia pilosa, Corophium volutator, Cyanophthalma obscura, Gammarus spp., Hydrachnidia, Idotea spp., Jaera spp., Leptocheirus pilosus, Monoporeia affinis, Mysis spp., Nematoda, Oligochaeta, Ostracoda, and Sinelobus vanhaareni

macoma.csv includes Macoma balthica length distribution data.
Number of columns: 118
Number of rows: 21
Missing data codes: none
Delimiter: comma
Encoding: UTF-8
Variables:

• shell_length Macoma balthica shell length (mm)
• Columns from the 2nd column onwards are abundances of Macoma balthica (individuals per sample) belonging in a shell length class.

Comments

CoastClim

This is a contribution from the Centre for Coastal Ecosystem and Climate Change Research. CoastClim is a multidisciplinary strategic partnership between Stockholm University and the University of Helsinki, that evaluates the links between coastal biodiversity, carbon cycling, and climate feedbacks.

Funding

This work was funded by Walter and Andrée de Nottbeck foundation (JP, RL, NN), the Sophie von Julin foundation (AN, AV), Jane and Aatos Erkko foundation (AN, CG), and Research Council of Finland (project grant 354454 to CG). This study used research infrastructure facilities at Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, as part of FINMARI (Finnish Marine Research Infrastructure Consortium).

Related datasets

Macrovegetation data from the same sampling campaign can be found in Lammerant 2026.

Project

CoastClim

Publisher

Bolin Centre Database

License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

First name

Janina

Last name or organisation

Pykäri

Email address

janina.pykari@helsinki.fi

Address

Tvärminne Zoological Station; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki

Postal code

FI-10900

City

Hanko

Country

Finland

GCMD science keyword

Earth science services > Environmental advisories > Marine advisories > Marine biology

GCMD location

Continent > Europe > Northern Europe > Scandinavia > Finland

Dataset language

English

Begin date

2023-08-15

End date

2023-09-08

DOI

Time