Stockholm Winter/Spring 500-Year Temperature Reconstruction

Lotta Leijonhufvud

Historical documentary sources, reflecting different port activities in Stockholm, are used along with the instrumental temperature record to derive a January-April mean temperature reconstruction back to 1502. The documentary sources provide information on when the sailing activities began in each spring and thereby also reflect when the waters became ice-free after each winter. These dates correlate strongly with observed winter/spring temperatures.

References

Leijonhufvud L, Wilson R, Moberg A, Söderberg J, Retsö D, Söderlind U. 2010: Five centuries of Stockholm winter/spring temperatures reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations. Climatic Change 101: 109–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9650-y