Water temperatures from the arctic-alpine Lake Tarfala, Northern Sweden, 2016 – 2019
Nina Kirchner, Jakob Kuttenkeuler, Gunhild Rosqvist, Marnie Hancke, Annika Granebeck, Jan Weckström, Kaarina Weckström, Frederik Schenk, Atte Korhola, Pia Eriksson
This dataset provides measurements of water temperature recorded in the glacier-proximal arctic-alpine Lake Tarfala in the Kebnekaise Mountains, Northern Sweden.
Measurements were conducted at least every 120 minutes, between September 2016 and September 2019, at three different sites in the lake. For each site, data take the form of a time series of water temperature, measured at different water depths between 2 m and 40 m below the lake surface. The site with the longest time series is located where the lake is deepest (49 m). Measurements there are recorded at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m below lake surface, every 30 minutes throughout the entire time period.
These data were collected in order to investigate Lake Tarfala's thermal state, its vertical mixing behavior, and its response to changing climatic conditions.
LacustrineTemperatureLakeMonomicticVertical mixingArcticWater temperatureTarfalaAlpinePro-glacialLimnologyLacustrine
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Citation
References
Kirchner N, Kuttenkeuler J, Rosqvist G, Hancke M, Granebeck A, Weckström J, Weckström K, Schenk F, Korhola A, Eriksson P (2020). A continuous three-year temperature record from the monomictic arctic-alpine Lake Tarfala, northern Sweden. Manuscript submitted to Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research (in review)
Data description
Measurements were conducted at three different sites, referred to as M1, M2 and L1. For each site, the data take the form of a time series of water temperature (°C), measured at different water depths.
Data are provided in three spreadsheet (xlsx) files, one file for each site. Each file contains one data sheet for each water depth. Each data sheet has either two or three columns.
Data from each data sheet are also available in a comma-separated values (csv) file.
Site M1
Data at site M1 cover the time period from September 18, 2016 to September 5, 2019. Measurements were made every 30 minutes at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m below lake surface.
Data columns and format:
- Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
- Time (HH:MM:SS) (UTC)
- Temperature (D.DDDD)
In addition, measurements were also made every 120 minutes at water depths of 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, and 8 m between April 28, 2019 and September 5, 2019.
Data columns and format:
- Date and time (MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM) (UTC +2)
- Temperature (D.DDD)
Site M2
Data at site M2 cover the time period from September 18, 2016 to September 18, 2017. Measurements were made every 30 minutes at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m below lake surface.
Data columns and format:
- Date (MM/DD/YYYY)
- Time (HH:MM:SS) (UTC)
- Temperature (D.DDDD)
Site L1
Data at site L1 cover the time period from September 5, 2018, to September 5, 2019. Measurements were made every 10 minutes at 3 m below lake surface.
Data columns and format:
- Date (MM.DD.YYYY)
- Time (HH:MM:SS) (UTC)
- Temperature (D.DD)
Comments
Information about sites and instrumentation:
Site M1
Location: 67° 55' 26.5" N, 18° 35' 20.6" E.
Four Seabird Scientific SBE56 temperature sensors were arranged in a vertical array to acquire water temperatures at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m below lake surface.
We refer to one mooring site, M1, although the mooring positions (after retrieval, maintenance and re-deployment) differed by a few meters between years.
The SBE sensors log, time-stamp and save measured water temperatures every 30 minutes, at a temperature resolution and accuracy of 0.0001 °C and ± 0.002 °C, respectively, and a clock accuracy of 5 sec/month.
In addition, four HOBO Water Temp Pro v2 profilers were attached to the SBE56 mooring at site M1 on April 28, 2019, and acquired water temperature at 2 m, 4 m, 6 m, and 8 m below lake surface, until September 5, 2019. The HOBO profilers log, time-stamp and save measured water temperatures every 120 minutes, have a temperature resolution and accuracy of 0.02 °C and ± 0.21 °C, respectively, and a clock accuracy of ± 1 min/month.
Site M2
Location: 67° 55' 25.2" N, 18° 35' 30.0" E.
Four Seabird Scientific SBE56 temperature sensors (for specifications, see above) were arranged in a vertical array to acquire water temperatures at 10 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m below lake surface.
Site L1
Location: 67° 55' 25.1" N, 18° 35' 47.1" E.
One StarOddi DST CTD sensor was moored at 3 m below lake surface to acquire water temperatures. The CTD sensor logs, time-stamps and saves measured water temperatures every 10 minutes. The sensor’s range, resolution and accuracy are −1 to +40 °C, 0.032 °C, and ± 0.1 °C, respectively, at a clock accuracy of ± 1 min/month.
Data collection was done using Tarfala Research Station (TRS) as a field base. Since TRS is part of the Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science, SITES, these data will also be available in the SITES Water database in the near future.
Project
Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Sciences (SITES Waters), Göran Gustafsson Foundation, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Centre for Naval Architecture at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Arctic Avenue (Spearhead research project between the University of Helsinki and Stockholm University).
Publisher
Bolin Centre Database
First name
Nina
Last name or organisation
Kirchner
Email address
Address
Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University
Postal code
SE.106 91
City
Stockholm
Country
Sweden
GCMD science keyword
Earth science > Terrestrial hydrosphere > Surface water > Lakes
GCMD location
Continent > Europe > Northern Europe > Scandinavia > Sweden
Dataset language
English
Begin date
2016-09-18
End date
2019-09-05